Attitudes and Behaviors towards Vaccination in Portuguese Nursing Students.

Knowing the attitudes and behaviors of nursing students in relation to vaccination is important because they will soon be determinant for the health literacy of the population. Vaccination remains the most effective response in the fight against communicable diseases, including COVID-19 and influenza. The objective of this study is to analyze the attitudes and behaviors of Portuguese nursing students with regard to vaccination. A cross-sectional study was carried out, with data collection from nursing students at a university in Lisbon, Portugal. A sample of 216 nursing students was obtained, representing 67.1% of the students enrolled in this university. What stands out from the results of the questionnaire "Attitudes and Behaviors in Relation to Vaccination among Students of Health Sciences" is that for the majority of students the answers were positive; in addition, 84.7% had a completed vaccination schedule for COVID-19. Being a nursing student, being in the final years of the course and being a woman are the factors that most influence the positive attitude of the students. The results obtained are motivating, because these students will be the future health professionals most likely to integrate health promotion programs through vaccination.

Vaccine Coverage against Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in Health Sciences Students during COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain.

Vaccination against influenza and SARS-CoV-2 is recommended in health sciences students to reduce the risk of acquiring these diseases and transmitting them to patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate how the pandemic influenced the modification of influenza vaccination coverage during the 2019/2020 and 2021/2022 campaigns and to analyze the vaccination coverage against SARS-CoV-2 in health sciences students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of the Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry of the Complutense University of Madrid. A questionnaire was administered in two stages, the first, Q1, before the start of the pandemic, where we analyzed influenza coverage during the 2019/2020 campaign and a second, Q2, 18 months after the start of the pandemic where we analyzed influenza coverage during the 2021/2022 campaign and coverage against SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1894 students (58.78% of the total of those enrolled) participated. Flu vaccination coverage increased from 26.7% in Q1 to 35.0% in Q2 (p < 0.05), being higher in the age group older than 21 years, who studied nursing, were in their fourth year and lived with people at risk. Vaccination coverage against SARS-CoV-2 was very high (97.8%), especially in students vaccinated against influenza. Coverage of the influenza vaccine in health sciences students increased from 2019-2020 to 2021-2022, being higher in the age group older than 21 years, who studied nursing, were in their first and fourth year and lived with people at risk. Coverage of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in health sciences students was very high, especially in those vaccinated against influenza.

The Attitude towards Vaccination of Health Sciences Students at a Spanish University Improved over the First 18 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

It is important to know the attitudes of students of health sciences (SHSs) towards vaccination since they will be tomorrow's health professionals. Vaccination is a powerful tool in the fight against COVID-19. The aim of the present, cross-sectional study was to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the attitude of SHSs towards vaccination. Data were collected in the form of a questionnaire from all students of nursing, physiotherapy and chiropody matriculated at a Madrid University for the academic year 2019/2020 (i.e., before the start of the pandemic [Q1]), and from all those matriculated for the year 2021/22 (i.e., c18 months after the pandemic was declared [Q2]). A multivariate analysis was performed to identify the influence of sex, degree being studied, course year and the time of answering (Q1 or Q2), on the dimensions Beliefs, Behaviours and General Attitude. Overall, 1894 questionnaires were returned (934 [49.3%] for Q1, and 960 [50.7%] for Q2), of which 70.5% were completed by students of nursing, 14% by students of physiotherapy and 15.4% by those studying chiropody. In Q2, the results for all three dimensions were significantly better (p < 0.05). The most important influencing factors were being a student of nursing, being in the final years of training (years 3 or 4), female gender and answering at the time of Q2. The results obtained are encouraging since student nurses (who showed Q1 and Q2 General Attitude scores of 3.34 and 3.47 (maximum possible 4), respectively [p < 0.05]) are the health professionals of tomorrow most likely to be involved in vaccination programmes.

Validation of the international 7-item falls efficacy scale in portuguese community-dwelling older adults / Validación de la escala falls efficacy scale internacional de 7 ítems en ancianos portugueses residentes en la comunidad / Validação da falls efficacy scale internacional 7 itens em idosos portugueses residentes na comunidade

ABSTRACT Objective to determine the psychometric properties of the international 7-item Falls Efficacy Scale. Method a psychometric study. Convenience sample consisting of 170 older adults living in the Madeira Autonomous Region, Portugal. A two-part instrument was used (sociodemographic characterization and the Falls Efficacy Scale-International-Portugal). The starting point was the translation and transcultural adaptation already carried out for the Falls Efficacy Scale - International (16 items). Construct validity (factorial analysis and discriminant validity) and the reliability (Cronbach's α) of the 7-item scale were evaluated. Previous authorization was obtained from the Ethics Commission and from the people involved. Results in the exploratory factorial analysis, the International 7-item Falls Efficacy Scale presents an explained variance of 65.8%. The Spearman's correlation between the score obtained based on the 7 items and the score obtained based on the 16 items is significant and very strong (r=0.987, p<0.0001). Internal consistency was 0.958. Conclusion the validity and reliability study of the International 7-item Falls Efficacy Scale revealed that it is an adequate scale for the evaluation of the fear of falling in the community-dwelling older adults.

RESUMEN Objetivo determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional de 7 ítems. Método estudio psicométrico. Muestra por conveniencia de 170 ancianos que viven en la Región Autónoma da Madeira, Portugal. Se empleó un instrumento constituido por dos partes (caracterización sociodemográfica y la escala Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional - Portugal). Se partió de la traducción y adaptación transcultural ya realizada de la escala Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional (16 ítems). Se evaluó la validez de constructo (análisis factorial y validez discriminante) y la confiabilidad (α de Cronbach) de la escala de 7 ítems. Previamente se obtuvo la autorización de la Comisión de Ética y de las personas involucradas. Resultados en el análisis factorial exploratorio, la escala Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional de 7 ítems presenta una varianza explicada del 65,8%. La correlación de Spearman entre la puntuación obtenida sobre la base de los 7 ítems y la obtenida sobre la base de los 16 ítems es significativa y muy fuerte (r=0,987, p<0,0001). La consistencia interna fue de 0,958. Conclusión el estudio de la validez y la confiabilidad de la escala Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional de 7 ítems reveló que es una escala adecuada para evaluar el miedo a caer en el anciano que vive en la comunidad.

RESUMO Objetivo determinar as propriedades psicométricas da Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional 7 itens. Método estudo psicométrico. Amostra de conveniência, de 170 idosos residentes em Região Autónoma da Madeira, Portugal. Recorreu-se a instrumento constituído por duas partes (caracterização sociodemográfica e a Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional Portugal). Partiu-se da tradução e adaptação transcultural já realizada para a Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional (16 itens). Avaliou-se a validade de constructo (análise fatorial e validade discriminante) e a confiabilidade (α de Cronbach) da escala de 7 itens. Obteve-se previamente autorização da Comissão de Ética e das pessoas envolvidas. Resultados na análise fatorial exploratória a Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional 7 itens apresenta uma variância explicada de 65,8%. A correlação de Spearman entre a pontuação obtida com base nos 7 itens e a pontuação obtida com base nos 16 itens é significativa e muito forte (r=0.987, p<0.0001). A consistência interna foi de 0,958. Conclusão o estudo da validade e a confiabilidade da Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional 7 itens revelou ser uma escala adequada para a avaliação do medo de cair na pessoa idosa residente na comunidade.

Application of anthropometric methods in the nursing process of nursing research.

OBJECTIVES: to identify anthropometric techniques and measurements related to nursing diagnoses and interventions, included in the NANDA International (NANDA-I) and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), respectively. METHODS: descriptive study of the revision of the NANDA-I and NIC taxonomies by professors of Nursing of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. RESULTS: A total of 24 nursing diagnoses, 20 nursing interventions and 71 nursing activities were identified that require the use of anthropometric measurements. CONCLUSIONS: anthropometric measurements are necessary in the conduct of numerous nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions that are commonly used in healthcare practice. It would be useful to systematize the use of anthropometric techniques in the application of the nursing process and to standardize this training process.

Application of anthropometric methods in the nursing process of nursing research / Aplicação de métodos antropométricos no processo de enfermagem de pesquisa em enfermagem / Aplicación de métodos antropométricos en el proceso de enfermería de la investigación enfermera

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify anthropometric techniques and measurements related to nursing diagnoses and interventions, included in the NANDA International (NANDA-I) and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), respectively. Methods: descriptive study of the revision of the NANDA-I and NIC taxonomies by professors of Nursing of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Results: A total of 24 nursing diagnoses, 20 nursing interventions and 71 nursing activities were identified that require the use of anthropometric measurements. Conclusions: anthropometric measurements are necessary in the conduct of numerous nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions that are commonly used in healthcare practice. It would be useful to systematize the use of anthropometric techniques in the application of the nursing process and to standardize this training process.

RESUMO Objetivos: Identificar técnicas e medidas antropométricas relacionadas com diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem, incluídas na NANDA-Internacional (NANDA-I) e na Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) respectivamente. Métodos: estudo descritivo. Revisão das taxonomias NANDA-I e NIC por Professores de Enfermagem da Universidade Complutense de Madrid. Resultados: foram identificados 24 diagnósticos de enfermagem, 20 intervenções de enfermagem e 71 atividades de enfermagem que exigem o uso de medidas antropométricas. Conclusões: as medidas antropométricas são necessárias na realização de diversos diagnósticos de enfermagem e intervenções de enfermagem comummente utilizadas na prática assistencial. Seria útil sistematizar o uso de técnicas antropométricas na aplicação do processo de enfermagem e padronizar o processo de formação.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar técnicas y medidas antropométricas relacionadas con diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería, incluidas en NANDA-International (NANDA-I) y Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería (NIC), respectivamente. Métodoss: estudio descriptivo. Revisión de las taxonomías NANDA-I y NIC por profesores de Enfermería de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Resultados: se identificaron 24 diagnósticos de enfermería, 20 intervenciones de enfermería y 71 actividades de enfermería que requerían el uso de mediciones antropométricas. Conclusiones: las mediciones antropométricas son necesarias para establecer numerosos diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería, comúnmente utilizados en la práctica asistencial. Sería útil sistematizar el uso de técnicas antropométricas en la aplicación del proceso de enfermería y estandarizar el proceso de capacitación de las enfermeras.

Effect of humor intervention on well-being, depression, and sense of humor in hemodialysis patients / Efecto del uso del humor en el bienestar, depresión y sentido del humor en pacientes en hemodiálisis

Objective: To evaluate whether visualization of humor movies during hemodialysis sessions improves subjective well-being and sense of humor, while decreasing stress / anxiety and depression levels, in hemodialysis patients. Material and Method: A pre-test / post-test design study with a non-equivalent control group was carried out in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis, in two hemodialysis units of Diaverum Clinics. The study included 34 patients in the intervention group and 33 patients in the control group. The intervention consisted in the visualization of humor movies during hemodialysis sessions for ten sessions over a four-week period. The control group watched neutral movies. Data were collected using a sociodemographic and health information questionnaire (age, gender, nationality, education, occupation, marital status, dialysis session length, presence of hypertension and diabetes); the Subjective Happiness Scale; the satisfaction with life in general; the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21, and the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale. Student t-tests and t-tests for paired samples were performed. The response to change was evaluated using: the percentage of change, ceiling effect and floor effect, effect size, and the standardized response mean. Results: The levels of subjective happiness and sense of humor increased in the intervention group, but there were no significant increases in satisfaction with life in general. Only depression levels decreased significantly in the intervention group. Conclusions: The visualization of humor movies as a nursing intervention improved the levels of subjective happiness and sense of humor, while decreasing the perception of depressive symptoms

Objetivo: Evaluar si la visualización de películas de humor durante las sesiones de hemodiálisis mejora el bienestar subjetivo y el sentido del humor, al tiempo que disminuye los niveles de estrés / ansiedad y depresión, en pacientes con hemodiálisis. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio pre-post intervención con un grupo de control no equivalente, en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis, en dos unidades de hemodiálisis de Diaverum Clinics. El estudio incluyó a 34 pacientes en el grupo de intervención y 33 pacientes en el grupo de control. La intervención consistió en la visualización de películas de humor durante diez sesiones de hemodiálisis en un período de cuatro semanas. El grupo control vio películas neutrales. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario de información sociodemográfica y de salud (edad, sexo, nacionalidad, educación, ocupación, estado civil, duración de la sesión de diálisis, presencia de hipertensión y diabetes); la escala subjetiva de felicidad; la escala de satisfacción general con la vida; la escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21) y la escala multidimensional de sentido del humor. Se emplearon pruebas t-Student y pruebas t para muestras pareadas. La respuesta al cambio se evaluó utilizando: el porcentaje de cambio, el efecto pico y el efecto base, el tamaño del efecto y la media de respuesta estandarizada. Resultados: Los niveles de felicidad subjetiva y de sentido del humor aumentaron en el grupo de intervención, pero no hubo aumento significativo en la satisfacción general con la vida. Solo los niveles de depresión disminuyeron significativamente en el grupo de intervención. Conclusiones: La visión de las películas de humor como una intervención de enfermería mejoró los niveles de felicidad subjetiva y de sentido del humor, al tiempo que disminuyó la percepción de los síntomas depresivos

Humor intervention in the nurse-patient interaction.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the factors influencing the use of humor in nursing care, its applicability and benefits. METHOD: A scoping review was performed using the Arksey and O'Mally methodology. A search for articles published between 2008 and 2018 was performed using the platforms EBSCO Host, Virtual Health Library and Google Scholar. RESULTS: From the initial 465 articles found, 17 were included for final revision. Data allowed to retrieve information on humor definition; its applicability as a nursing intervention; humor as a tool to improve nurse-patient communication and relationship; influence factors; type of humor interventions; humor benefits in health care context and; limitations and precautions of humor intervention. CONCLUSION: The use of humor promotes both communication and human interaction; it promotes well-being; helps deal/cope with difficult and unpleasant situations, reduces tension, discomfort and stress; and strengthens the immune system. This intervention should be used with caution.

Humor intervention in the nurse-patient interaction / A intervenção humor na interação enfermeiro-paciente / La intervención humor en la interacción enfermero-paciente

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the factors influencing the use of humor in nursing care, its applicability and benefits. Method: A scoping review was performed using the Arksey and O'Mally methodology. A search for articles published between 2008 and 2018 was performed using the platforms EBSCO Host, Virtual Health Library and Google Scholar. Results: From the initial 465 articles found, 17 were included for final revision. Data allowed to retrieve information on humor definition; its applicability as a nursing intervention; humor as a tool to improve nurse-patient communication and relationship; influence factors; type of humor interventions; humor benefits in health care context and; limitations and precautions of humor intervention. Conclusion: The use of humor promotes both communication and human interaction; it promotes well-being; helps deal/cope with difficult and unpleasant situations, reduces tension, discomfort and stress; and strengthens the immune system. This intervention should be used with caution.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os fatores que influenciam o uso do humor no cuidado de enfermagem, sua aplicabilidade e benefícios. Método: Revisão escopo segundo a metodologia de Arksey e O'Mally. Foram pesquisados artigos publicados entre 2008 e 2018, nas plataformas EBSCO Host, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Google Académico. Resultados: Foram identificados 465 artigos e incluídos 17 destes. Foi encontrada informação sobre definição de humor; sua aplicabilidade como intervenção de enfermagem; o humor como ferramenta para melhorar a comunicação e a relação entre o enfermeiro e o paciente; fatores de influência; tipo de intervenções de humor; benefícios de humor nos cuidados de saúde e; ainda as limitações e precauções de intervenção de humor. Conclusão: O humor promove a comunicação, as relações e bem-estar; ajuda a lidar com situações difíceis e desagradáveis, reduz a tensão, o desconforto e o estresse; e fortalecer o sistema imunológico. Esta intervenção deve ser usada com precaução.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir los factores que influencian el uso del humor en el cuidado de enfermería, su aplicabilidad y beneficios. Método: Revisión de alcance según la metodología de Arksey y O'Mally. Se investigaron artículos publicados entre 2008 y 2018, en las plataformas EBSCO Host, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y Google Académico. Resultados: Se han identificado 465 artículos e incluidos 17 de ellos. Se encontró información sobre la definición de humor; su aplicabilidad como intervención de enfermería; el humor como herramienta para mejorar la comunicación y la relación entre el enfermero y el paciente; factores de influencia; el tipo de intervenciones de humor; beneficios del humor en la atención de salud y; las limitaciones y precauciones de intervención del humor. Conclusión: El humor promueve la comunicación, las relaciones y el bienestar; ayuda a manejar situaciones difíciles y desagradables, reduce la tensión, la incomodidad y el estrés; y fortalecer el sistema inmunológico. Esta intervención debe usarse con precaución.

Subjective wellbeing, sense of humor and psychological health in hemodialysis patients

Objective: To investigate the relationship between satisfaction with life in general, sense of humor, and anxiety, depression and stress with subjective happiness in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional and correlational study was developed in two units of the Diaverum dialysis clinic and one hospital unit, with 183 chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. An instrument was used to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile of the sample (age, gender, nationality, education, occupation, marital status, dialysis sessions length, presence of hypertension and diabetes): the subjective happiness scale; the satisfaction with life in general; depression, anxiety and stress scale 21; and multidimensional sense of humor scale. Inferential procedures included Spearman correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression adjusting to age, marital status, professional activity and diabetes. Results: Subjective Happiness was positively correlated with satisfaction with life in general, and the three dimensions of Sense of Humor. Nevertheless, subjective happiness was negatively correlated with stress / anxiety and depression. Satisfaction with life in general, humor production and social use of humor, and attitude towards humor had a positive relationship with subjective happiness. However, depression had a negative relationship with subjective happiness. Conclusions: Higher levels of subjective happiness were associated with higher levels of satisfaction with life in general, and sense of humor, however they were also associated with lower levels of depression in patients undergoing hemodialysis

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Validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale - International in a sample of Portuguese elderly.

OBJECTIVE: to translate and adapt Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FES-I). To analyze the psychometric properties of the FES-I Portugal version. METHOD: psychometric study. Sample consisting of 170 elderly people residing in the Autonomous Region of Madeira. A two- part form was used (sociodemographic characterization and FES-I Portugal). The cross-cultural adaptation was performed and the following psychometric properties were evaluated: validity (construct, predictive, and discriminant), reliability (Cronbach's alpha), and inter-rater reliability. RESULTS: the results allow us to verify a dimension of less demanding physical activities and another of more demanding physical activities. The inter-rater reliability study was 0.62, with an interclass correlation coefficient of 0.859, for a 95% confidence interval. The internal consistency of the Portuguese version was 0.962. CONCLUSION: the validity and reliability of the FES-I Portugal are consistent with the original version and proved to be appropriate instruments for evaluating the "impaired walking" and "risk of falls" nursing diagnoses in the older people.

Validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale - International in a sample of Portuguese elderly / Validación da Falls Efficacy Scale International en una muestra de ancianos portugueses / Validação da Falls Efficacy Scale International numa amostra de idosos portugueses

ABSTRACT Objective: to translate and adapt Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FES-I). To analyze the psychometric properties of the FES-I Portugal version. Method: psychometric study. Sample consisting of 170 elderly people residing in the Autonomous Region of Madeira. A two- part form was used (sociodemographic characterization and FES-I Portugal). The cross-cultural adaptation was performed and the following psychometric properties were evaluated: validity (construct, predictive, and discriminant), reliability (Cronbach's alpha), and inter-rater reliability. Results: the results allow us to verify a dimension of less demanding physical activities and another of more demanding physical activities. The inter-rater reliability study was 0.62, with an interclass correlation coefficient of 0.859, for a 95% confidence interval. The internal consistency of the Portuguese version was 0.962. Conclusion: the validity and reliability of the FES-I Portugal are consistent with the original version and proved to be appropriate instruments for evaluating the "impaired walking" and "risk of falls" nursing diagnoses in the older people.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Traducir y adaptar Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional (FES-I). Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión FES-I Portugal. Método: Estudio psicométrico. Muestra constituida por 170 ancianos residentes en la Región Autónoma de Madeira. Se utilizó un formulario compuesto por dos partes (caracterización sociodemográfica y FES-I Portugal). Se realizó la adaptación transcultural y se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas: validez (constructo, predictiva y discriminante), confiabilidad (α de Cronbach) y fiabilidad interobservador. Resultados: Los resultados permitieron verificar una dimensión de actividades físicas menos exigentes y otra de actividades físicas más exigentes. El estudio de fiabilidad interobservadores fue de 0,62, con un coeficiente de correlación intraclase de 0,859, para un intervalo de confianza de un 95 %. La consistencia interna de la versión portuguesa fue de 0,962. Conclusión: La validez y la confiabilidad de la FES-I Portugal son consistentes con la versión original y se revelan como instrumentos adecuados para la evaluación de los diagnósticos de enfermería «deterioro de la deambulación¼ y «riesgo de caídas¼ en ancianos.

RESUMO Objetivo: traduzir e adaptar Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional (FES-I). Analisar as propriedades psicométricas da versão FES-I Portugal. Método: estudo psicométrico. Amostra constituída por 170 idosos a residir na Região Autónoma da Madeira. Utilizou-se um formulário com duas partes (caracterização sociodemográfica e FES-I Portugal). Fez-se a adaptação transcultural e avaliaram-se as propriedades psicométricas: validade (constructo, preditiva e discriminante), confiabilidade (α de Cronbach) e fiabilidade interobservador. Resultados: os resultados permitiram verificar uma dimensão de atividades físicas menos exigentes e outra de atividades físicas mais exigentes. O estudo de fiabilidade interobservadores foi de 0,62, com um coeficiente de correlação interclasse de 0,859, para um intervalo de confiança de 95%. A consistência interna da versão portuguesa foi de 0,962. Conclusão: a validade e a confiabilidade da FES-I Portugal são consistentes com a versão original e revelam ser instrumentos adequados à avaliação dos diagnósticos de enfermagem "andar comprometido" e "risco de quedas" em idosos.

Validación de la 'Subjective Happiness Scale' en personas con Enfermedad Renal Crónica / Validação da 'Subjective Happiness Scale' em pessoas com Doença Renal Crónica Validation of the Subjective Happiness Scale in people with Chronic Kidney Disease / Validation of the Subjective Happiness Scale in people with Chronic Kidney Disease

Objetivo: Verificar las propiedades psicométricas de la Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), en personas con Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC), en hemodiálisis. Método: Estudio metodológico cuya muestra aleatoria estuvo constituida por 171 personas con ERC que realizan hemodiálisis en dos clínicas de la región de Lisboa (Portugal). Los datos se obtuvieron entre Mayo y Junio del 2015. Las propiedades psicométricas estudiadas fueron la validez (constructo, convergente, discriminante), la fiabilidad (consistencia interna (α de Cronbach)) y la estabilidad (Coeficiente de Correlación Intra-clase y de Correlación de Spearman-Brown). Resultados: Los resultados confirman la estructura uni-factorial, presentando una fiabilidad con α=0,90. La escala presenta una correlación positiva con la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (r=0,60; p<0,001), lo que sirve para certificar su validez de criterio. Conclusión: la versión portuguesa de la SHS es válida, fiable y reproducible en personas con ERC que realizan hemodiálisis (AU)

Objetivo: Validar as propriedades psicométricas da Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) em pessoas com Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) em programa de hemodiálise. Método: Trata-se de um estudo metodológico. A amostra randomizada foi constituída por 171 pessoas com DRC submetida a hemodiálise em duas clinicas na região de Lisboa, Portugal. Os dados foram colhidos de maio a junho de 2015. Foram avaliadas as propriedades psicométricas: validade (construto, convergente e discriminativa), fidedignidade por meio da consistência interna (α de Cronbach) e estabilidade (Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse e Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman-Brown). Resultados: Os resultados suportam a estrutura unifatorial, com uma confiabilidade (α=0,90). Além disso, esta escala está positivamente correlacionada com a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (r=0,60; p<0,001), apoiando assim a sua validade de critério. Conclusões: A versão portuguesa da SHS é válida e reprodutível em pessoas com DRC (AU)

Objective: To explore the psychometric properties of the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) under hemodialysis. Methods: This is a methodological study. The random sample included 171 patients with CKD under hemodialysis program in two clinics in the region of Lisbon, Portugal. Data was collected between May and June 2015. The following psychometric properties were evaluated: validity (construct, convergent and discriminant), reliability through internal consistency (Cronbach α) and stability (intraclass correlation coefficient and Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient). Results: The results support the unifactorial structure, with reliability (α = 0.90). In addition, this scale is positively correlated with the Satisfaction Life Scale (r = 0.60; p <0.001), supporting the validity criteria. Conclusions: The Portuguese version of the SHS is valid and reproducible in patients with CKD (AU)

Risk for falls among community-dwelling older people: systematic literature review. / Risco de quedas em idosos residentes na comunidade: revisão sistemática da literatura.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors for falls of the community-dwelling elderly in order to update the Taxonomy II of NANDA International. METHOD: A systematic literature review based on research using the following platforms: EBSCOHost®, CINAHL and MEDLINE, from December 2010 to December 2014. The descriptors used were (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR Community Health Services OR Primary health care) AND (Risk OR Risk Assessment OR Fall Risk Factors) AND (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR older) AND Nurs* AND Fall Risk Factors. RESULTS: The sample comprised 62 studies and 50 risk factors have been identified. Of these risk factors, only 38 are already listed in the classification. CONCLUSIONS: Two new categories of risk factors are proposed: psychological and socio-economical. New fall risk factors for the community-dwelling elderly have been identified, which can contribute to the updating of this nursing diagnosis of the Taxonomy II of NANDA International.

Validación del Brief Pain Inventory en personas con enfermedad renal crónica / Validation of the Brief Pain Inventory in Persons with Chronic Kidney Disease / Validação do Brief Pain Inventory em pessoas com doença renal crônica

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprobar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión portuguesa del Brief Pain Inventory, en personas con enfermedad renal crónica sometidas a hemodiálisis. Método: estudio metodológico. La muestra seleccionada está compuesta por 171 personas con enfermedad renal crónica que presentan dolor durante al menos 24 horas y realizan hemodiálisis en dos clínicas de la región de Lisboa, Portugal. Los datos se recogieron entre mayo y junio del 2015. Se evaluaron las siguientes propiedades psicométricas: validez (constructo, convergente y discriminante), confiabilidad (α de Cronbach) y estabilidad (test-retest). Resultados: se obtuvo información que apoya adecuadamente una estructura bifactorial (interferencia del dolor y grado de severidad del dolor), con confiabilidad (α = 0,90 y α = 0,80, respectivamente) y estabilidad. Las medidas registradas están correlacionadas de forma positiva con el afecto negativo, y de forma negativa, con las medidas de calidad de vida, que sustentan la validez concurrente. Se comprobó la existencia de apoyo para la validez predictiva. Conclusiones: las medidas del "grado de severidad del dolor" e "interferencia del dolor" que se obtuvieron a través del Brief Pain Inventory son válidas y reproducibles en personas con enfermedad renal crónica que presentaron dolor en las últimas 24 horas, cuando se utiliza el cuestionario y la entrevista.

ABSTRACT Objective: Verify the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Brief Pain Inventory in persons with chronic kidney disease who are undergoing hemodialysis. Method: This is a methodological study. The selected sample is comprised of 171 persons with chronic kidney disease who experience pain for at least 24 hours and are undergoing hemodialysis at two clinics in Lisbon, Portugal. The data were collected between May and June 2015. The psychometric properties that were evaluated include validity (construct, convergent and discriminant), reliability (Cronbach's α) and stability (test-retest). Results: Information was obtained that adequately supports a bi-factor structure (pain interference and degree of pain severity), with reliability (α = 0.90 and α = 0.80, respectively) and stability. The measures registered correlate positively with the negative effect, and negatively, with measures of quality of life, which support concurrent validity. The existence of support for predictive validity was verified. Conclusions: The "pain severity" and "pain interference" measures obtained with the Brief Pain Inventory are valid and reproducible in persons with chronic kidney disease who experienced pain during the 24 hours before the questionnaire was used and the interview was conducted.

RESUMO Objetivos: comprovar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do Brief Pain Inventory em pessoas com doença renal crônica submetidas a hemodiálise. Materiais e método: estudo metodológico. A amostra selecionada está composta por 171 pessoas com doença renal crônica que apresentam dor durante, pelo menos, 24 horas e realizam hemodiálise em duas clínicas de Lisboa, Portugal. Os dados foram coletados entre maio e junho de 2015. Foram avaliadas as seguintes propriedades psicométricas: validade (constructo, convergente e discriminante), confiabilidade (Alfa de Cronbach) e estabilidade (teste-reteste). Resultados: obteve-se informação que apoia adequadamente uma estrutura bifatorial (interferência da dor e grau de severidade da dor), com confiabilidade (α = 0,90 e α = 0,80, respectivamente) e estabilidade. As medidas registradas estão correlacionadas de forma positiva com o afeto negativo, e de forma negativa, com as medidas de qualidade de vida, que sustentam a validade concorrente. Comprovou-se a existência de apoio para validade preditiva. Conclusões: as medidas do "grau de severidade da dor" e "interferência da dor" obtidas por meio do Brief Pain Inventory são válidas e reproduzíveis em pessoas com doença renal crônica que apresentaram dor nas últimas 24 horas, quando se utiliza o questionário e a entrevista.

Validation of the positive and negative affect schedule in people with chronic kidney disease / Validación de la positive and negative affect schedule en personas con enfermedad renal crónica / Validação da positive and negative affect schedule em pessoas com doença renal crônica

ABSTRACT Aim: to analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scale in people with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. Method: this was a methodological study. A random sample of 171 people chronic kidney disease who receive hemodialysis in two clinics in the region of Lisbon, Portugal. Data was collected from May to June 2015. The psychometric properties were evaluated: Validity (construct, convergent and predictive), reliability (Cronbach's α) and stability (test-retest). Results: showed that the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scale has two distinct dimensions of positive and negative affect, reliable and stable both when obtained by interview or by questionnaire. Conclusion: the validity and reproducibility of the Portuguese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scale in people with chronic kidney disease are consistent with the original version and the English version of this scale.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión portuguesa de la Escala Positive And Negative Affect Schedule en personas con enfermedad renal crónica en programa de hemodiálisis. Método: este estudio tiene carácter metodológico cuya muestra fue aleatoria y constituida por 171 personas con enfermedad renal crónica que realizan hemodiálisis en dos clínicas de la región de Lisboa. La recogida de datos se realizó entre Mayo y Junio de 2015. Se comprobaron las siguientes propiedades psicométricas: validez (constructo, convergente y predictiva), fiabilidad (α de Cronbach) y estabilidad (teste-reteste). Resultados: permitieron comprobar que la escala Positive and Negative Affect Schedule presenta dos dimensiones diferentes de afecto; el positivo y el negativo, y que estes se presentan fiables y estables tanto mediante la utilización de entrevista como de cuestionário. Conclusiones: la validez y reproductibilidad de la versión portuguesa de la escala Positive And Negative Affect Schedule en personas con enfermedad renal crónica son coincidentes con la versión original y portuguesa de la escala.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da escala Positive and Negative Affect Schedule em pessoas com doença renal crônica em programa de hemodiálise. Método: tratou-se de um estudo metodológico. A amostra randomizada foi constituída por 171 pessoas com doença renal crônica, submetidas a hemodiálise em duas clínicas na região de Lisboa, Portugal. Os dados foram coletados de maio a junho de 2015. Foram avaliadas as propriedades psicométricas: validade (construto, convergente e preditiva), confiabilidade (α de Cronbach) e estabilidade (teste-reteste). Resultados: Permitiram verificar que a escala Positive and Negative Affect Schedule apresenta duas dimensões distintas de afeto positivo e negativo, confiáveis e estáveis, obtidas por entrevista e por questionário. Conclusão: a validade e reprodutibilidade da versão portuguesa da escala Positive and Negative Affect Schedule em pessoas com doença renal crônica são consistentes com a versão original e a versão portuguesa desta escala.

The Nursing diagnosis 'impaired walking' in elderly: systematic literature review / O diagnóstico de Enfermería 'deterioro de la deambulación' en ancianos: revisión sistemática de la literatura / O diagnóstico de Enfermagem 'andar comprometido' nos idosos: revisão sistemática da literatura

ABSTRACT Walk is an activity that requires different skills and can be highly complex particularly for the elderly. The aim was to identify the defined characteristics and related factors of the nursing diagnosis impaired walking in elderly. A Systematic literature review, based on a search done between January and March 2014, in the electronic platforms EBSCO Host (r) , SCOPUS and ISI, and using the search strategy walk* OR gait AND Nurs*. A sample of 36 studies was obtained. A total of 17 defined characteristics and 34 related factors were identified. Among all, nine defined characteristics and 20 related factors are not listed in the diagnosis of NANDA International. This research identified new defined characteristics and related factors not listed in NANDA International. This study is a contribution to the development of the taxonomy of NANDA International, which should represent nursing knowledge, and this highlights some implications for clinical practice, education and further research.

RESUMEN Caminar es una función que requiere diferentes habilidades y puede ser muy complejo sobre todo para las personas mayores. Lo objetivo fue identificar las características definitorias y factores relacionados de diagnósticos de enfermería marcha comprometida en los ancianos. Revisión sistemática de la literatura, con búsqueda entre enero y marzo de 2014, en las plataformas electrónicas EBSCO Host (r) , SCOPUS e ISI, a través de la estrategia de búsqueda walk* OR gait AND Nurs*. Se obtuvo una muestra de 36 estudios. Se identificó 17 y 34 características que definen los factores relacionados. Se encontró que los factores 9 y 20 características definitorias relacionados no se enumeran en el diagnóstico de la NANDA Internacional. Mediante esta Revisión fueron identificados nuevos indicadores clínicos y factores relacionados, en relación a los clasificados hasta la fecha por la NANDA Internacional. Este estudio constituye una contribución para el desarrollo de la taxonomía NANDA Internacional, que representa el conocimiento en Enfermería, con implicaciones para la práctica clínica, la educación y las investigaciones futuras.

RESUMO Andar é uma função que pressupõe competências diversas e pode ser altamente complexa particularmente para os idosos. O objetivo foi identificar as características definidoras e os fatores relacionados do diagnóstico de enfermagem andar comprometido no idoso. Foi feita revisão sistemática da literatura, com pesquisa entre janeiro e março de 2014, nas plataformas eletrónicas EBSCOhost(r), SCOPUS e ISI, através da estratégia de pesquisa walk* OR gait AND Nurs*. Obteve-se uma amostra de 36 estudos. Identificou-se 17 características definidoras e 34 fatores relacionados. Constatou-se que nove caraterísticas definidoras e 20 fatores relacionados não estão listados no diagnóstico da NANDA Internacional. Esta pesquisa permitiu identificar indicadores clínicos e factores relacionados para além dos que estão classificados na NANDA Internacional. Este estudo constitui um contributo ao desenvolvimento da taxonomia da NANDA Internacional, que deve representar o conhecimento da disciplina de Enfermagem, e que tem implicações na prática clínica, na educação e em novas pesquisas.

Risco de quedas em idosos residentes na comunidade: revisão sistemática da literatura / Riesgo de caídas de los ancianos residentes en la comunidad: revisión sistemática de la literatura / Risk for falls among community-dwelling older people: systematic literature review

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar fatores de risco de queda em idosos residentes na comunidade para atualização da taxonomia II da NANDA Internacional. Método Revisão sistemática da literatura, com pesquisa na plataforma EBSCOHost®, na CINAHL e MEDLINE, no período de dezembro de 2010 a dezembro de 2014. Utilizaram-se os descritores (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR Community Health Services OR Primary health care) AND (Risk OR Risk Assessment OR Fall Risk Factors) AND (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR older) AND Nurs* AND Fall Risk Factors. Resultados Obteve-se uma amostra de 62 estudos e um total de 50 fatores de risco, dos quais, apenas 38 estão presentes na classificação. Conclusões São propostas duas novas categorias de fatores: os psicológicos e socioeconômicos. Foram identificados novos fatores de risco de queda dos idosos residentes na comunidade, o que contribui para a atualização deste diagnóstico na taxonomia II da NANDA Internacional.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar los factores de riesgo de caídas en los ancianos residentes en la comunidad. Método Revisión sistemática de la literatura. La búsqueda fue realizada en plataforma EBSCOHost®, en CINAHL y MEDLINE, entre diciembre de 2010 y diciembre de 2014. Los descriptores utilizados fueron (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR Community Health Services OR Primary health care) AND (Risk OR Risk Assessment OR Fall Risk Factors) AND (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR older) AND (Nurs*) AND (Fall Risk Factors). Resultados Fueron seleccionados 62 artículos en los cuales se identificaron 50 factores de riesgo, de los que apenas 38 están presentes en la NANDA Internacional. Conclusiones Se proponen dos nuevas categorías de factores: los psicológicos y los socioeconómicos. Se identificaron nuevos factores de riesgo de caídas en los ancianos residentes en la comunidad, lo que contribuyó para la actualización de la taxonomía II NANDA Internacional.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the risk factors for falls of the community-dwelling elderly in order to update the Taxonomy II of NANDA International. Method A systematic literature review based on research using the following platforms: EBSCOHost®, CINAHL and MEDLINE, from December 2010 to December 2014. The descriptors used were (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR Community Health Services OR Primary health care) AND (Risk OR Risk Assessment OR Fall Risk Factors) AND (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR older) AND Nurs* AND Fall Risk Factors. Results The sample comprised 62 studies and 50 risk factors have been identified. Of these risk factors, only 38 are already listed in the classification. Conclusions Two new categories of risk factors are proposed: psychological and socio-economical. New fall risk factors for the community-dwelling elderly have been identified, which can contribute to the updating of this nursing diagnosis of the Taxonomy II of NANDA International.

[Nursing diagnosis "impaired walking" in elderly patients: integrative literature review]. / Diagnóstico de enfermagem "deambulação prejudicada" no paciente idoso: revisão integrativa da literatura.

The impaired walking nursing diagnosis has been included in NANDA International classification taxonomy in 1998, and this review aims to identify the defining characteristics and related factors in elderly patients in recent literature. Integrative literature review based on the following guiding question: Are there more defining characteristics and factors related to the nursing diagnosis impaired walking than those included in NANDA International classification taxonomy in elderly patients? Search conducted in 2007-2013 on international and Portuguese databases. Sample composed of 15 papers. Among the 6 defining characteristics classified at NANDA International, 3 were identified in the search results, but 13 were not included in the classification. Regarding the 14 related factors that are classified, 9 were identified in the sample and 12 were not included in the NANDA International taxonomy. This review allowed the identification of new elements not included in NANDA International Taxonomy and may contribute to the development of taxonomy and nursing knowledge.

Nursing diagnosis "impaired walking" in elderly patients: integrative literature review / Diagnóstico de enfermería "deterioro de la deambulación" en el anciano: revisión integradora de la literatura / Diagnóstico de enfermagem "deambulação prejudicada" no paciente idoso: revisão integrativa da literatura

The impaired walking nursing diagnosis has been included in NANDA International classification taxonomy in 1998, and this review aims to identify the defining characteristics and related factors in elderly patients in recent literature. Integrative literature review based on the following guiding question: Are there more defining characteristics and factors related to the nursing diagnosis impaired walking than those included in NANDA International classification taxonomy in elderly patients? Search conducted in 2007-2013 on international and Portuguese databases. Sample composed of 15 papers. Among the 6 defining characteristics classified at NANDA International, 3 were identified in the search results, but 13 were not included in the classification. Regarding the 14 related factors that are classified, 9 were identified in the sample and 12 were not included in the NANDA International taxonomy. This review allowed the identification of new elements not included in NANDA International Taxonomy and may contribute to the development of taxonomy and nursing knowledge.

El diagnóstico de enfermería deterioro de la deambulación integra la NANDA Internacional desde 1998 y esta revisión tuvo como objetivo identificar las características definidoras y los factores relacionados con el paciente anciano en la literatura más actual. Revisión integrada que surgió de la pregunta: ¿existirán más características y factores relacionados de deterioro de la deambulación, además de aquellas que están descritas en la NANDA Internacional, en el paciente anciano? Búsqueda en el período 2007-2013 en las bases de datos internacionales y portuguesa. Se obtuvo una muestra de 15 estudios. Entre las 6 características de diagnóstico en la clasificación, 3 fueron identificadas 3 en los resultados de la búsqueda, pero, otras 13 no constan en la NANDA Internacional. Con relación a los factores relacionados, 9 en la muestra y 12 no están en la clasificación. Nuevos elementos fueran identificados y no están clasificadas en la NANDA Internacional, ofreciendo así aportaciones para el desarrollo de la taxonomía y del conocimiento en enfermería.

O diagnóstico de enfermagem deambulação prejudicada integra a NANDA Internacional desde 1998, e o objetivo deste estudo é identificar as características definidoras e os fatores relacionados no paciente idoso na literatura mais atual. Revisão integrativa com a questão: existirão mais características definidoras e fatores relacionados do diagnóstico de enfermagem deambulação prejudicada, além dos que estão descritos na NANDA Internacional, que sejam específicos para o paciente idoso? Pesquisa no período 2007-2013 em bases de dados internacionais e portuguesa. Obteve-se uma amostra de 15 estudos. Entre as 6 características definidoras do diagnóstico na classificação, 3 foram identificadas nos resultados da busca na literatura, contudo, encontram-se outras 13 que não constam da classificação. Relativamente aos fatores relacionados, dos 14 classificados, 9 foram identificados na amostra e 12 não estão na classificação. Essa revisão permitiu identificar novos elementos que não estão classificados na NANDA Internacional e pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da taxonomia e do conhecimento de enfermagem.